Revisión de las topologías de convertidores de potencia plena para sistemas de conversión de energía eólica basados en generadores síncronos de imanes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/cct.v2i2.015Palabras clave:
convertidores de fuente Z, Aerogeneradores, convertidores de nueve conmutadores, convertidores de seis conmutadores, convertidores matriciales, convertidores multinivel, integración en red, PMSG, rectificadores de diodos, rectificadores Vienna, sistemas eólicos tipo 4Resumen
Este artículo ofrece una revisión general de las topologías de convertidores utilizadas en los sistemas de conversión de energía eólica de Tipo 4 con generadores síncronos de imanes permanentes (PMSG). Los sistemas de Tipo 4 basados en convertidores back-to-back de plena potencia pueden funcionar para maximizar el rendimiento de los aerogeneradores para la velocidad variable del viento, facilitar el desacoplamiento de la red y reducir las necesidades de mantenimiento. El artículo compara distintas configuraciones de convertidores, como los rectificadores de diodos, convertidores de seis conmutadores, rectificadores Viena, convertidores de fuente Z, convertidores de nueve conmutadores, convertidores multinivel y convertidores matriciales, y describe sus principios de funcionamiento, ventajas e inconvenientes. Cada topología se ha estudiado con respecto a su eficiencia, fiabilidad, calidad de potencia, coste y aplicabilidad a los sistemas de energías renovables. Los resultados subrayan el papel fundamental que desempeña la electrónica de potencia en la introducción en el mercado de nuevas generaciones de dispositivos de energía eólica y orientan en la elección de la topología de convertidor óptima para ofrecer una conversión de energía fiable, eficiente y económicamente atractiva en los esquemas contemporáneos de conversión de energía eólica.
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