A review on inverter technologies for solar PV power generation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/cct.v2i2.014Keywords:
ANPC inverters, DC-AC converters, energy conversion, inverters, multilevel inverters, photovoltaic systems, power efficiency, renewable energy, solar power generation, Z-source invertersAbstract
Overall efficiency plays a huge role in current power systems hence the importance of understanding the conversion of energy, this is especially important in renewable energy systems such as the solar photovoltaic (PV) system. At the center of this process are inverters, which take direct current (DC), produced by solar panels and transform it into the alternating current (AC) used within homes and for connection to the grid. In this paper, a literature review of numerous inverter topologies is presented, examining the foundation and pros and cons of inverter topologies as they apply to a PV system. Some reviewed inverter topologies comprise six-switch controlled converters, Z-source inverters, multilevel inverters, and five-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverters. Each topology is tailored for certain issues such as; AC line current harmonic distortion, voltage regulation and synchronization to the grid while providing certain advantages in different applications. Six-switch converters are simple and reliable; Z-source inverters created a new impedance network for simplifying single-stage buck-boost conversion; multilevel inverters yield high power quality with low THD; the ANPC inverter enhances multilevel inverters further to have higher efficiency and reliability. The paper also describes several developments including the modular design, modern control techniques, and multifunctional structure that improves the inverters efficiency, flexibility, and compatibility with smart grid. They are useful for prolonging the performance and optimizing the costs of PV-based energy systems supporting the occurrence of renewable energy. This review has revealed the increasing importance of inverters in meeting these challenges and enabling the transition to a prosumer dominated green energy paradigm for solar PV systems and the electricity grid.
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